While they are more vulnerable to deterioration than unprocessed fresh vegetables, maintaining their quality and palatability mandates cold storage. In an experimental approach to boost nutritional value and extend the post-harvest shelf life, UV radiation, along with cold storage, has been implemented. This resulted in enhanced antioxidant levels in certain fruits and vegetables, including orange carrots. Globally, carrots, both whole and fresh-cut, are prominent vegetables. The orange carrot is not the only root vegetable attracting attention; other root vegetables showcasing diverse colors, including purple, yellow, and red, are also experiencing growing consumer interest in particular markets. These root phenotypes' responses to UV radiation and cold storage remain unexamined. Postharvest UV-C treatment was studied to understand its effects on whole and fresh-cut (sliced and shredded) roots (two purple-rooted varieties, one yellow-rooted variety, and one orange-rooted variety) concerning total phenolics (TP), hydroxycinnamic acids (HA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), total and individual anthocyanins, antioxidant activity (measured using DPPH and ABTS assays), and surface color change during cold storage. A study of the impact of UV-C radiation, fresh-cut preparation, and cold storage on antioxidant compounds and activities yielded results that varied greatly depending on the specific carrot variety, the extent of processing, and the phytochemical being studied. Exposure to UV-C radiation significantly amplified antioxidant capacity in orange, yellow, and purple carrots, increasing it by 21, 38, and 25 times, respectively, compared to non-irradiated controls; TP levels also saw increases of up to 20, 22, and 21 times; and CGA levels were boosted by up to 32, 66, and 25 times, respectively, compared to controls. Both purple carrots exhibited no statistically significant modification of anthocyanin content when exposed to UV-C. A moderate elevation in tissue browning was found in a portion of the fresh-cut, UV-C treated samples of yellow and purple, but not orange, roots. The varying potential of UV-C radiation to boost functional value in carrot roots is evident in these data, categorized by root color.
Sesame, a vital oilseed crop, holds an important place worldwide. Natural genetic variation is evident within the diverse sesame germplasm collection. 3-deazaneplanocin A manufacturer Extracting and applying genetic allele variations from the germplasm collection is a significant step towards better seed quality. Following the screening of the complete USDA germplasm collection, sesame germplasm accession PI 263470 was found to have a considerably higher oleic acid percentage (540%) than the average (395%). This accession's seeds were carefully planted within the confines of a greenhouse. Leaf tissues and seeds were gathered from each separate plant. Sequencing of the coding region of the fatty acid desaturase (FAD2) gene in this accession showed a natural G425A mutation. This mutation might translate to an R142H amino acid substitution, potentially contributing to the observed elevated oleic acid levels, but the accession was actually a mixture of three genotypes (G/G, G/A, and A/A) at the targeted position. Three generations of self-crossings were undertaken with the selected A/A genotype. For the purpose of augmenting oleic acid levels, the purified seeds were subjected to EMS-induced mutagenesis. A total of 635 square meters' worth of M2 plants were cultivated via mutagenesis. Morphological alterations, particularly concerning leafy, flat stems, were prominent features in some mutated plant specimens, alongside other changes. By employing gas chromatography (GC), the fatty acid composition of M3 seeds was determined. High oleic acid (70%) levels were discovered in several independently identified mutant lineages. Six M3 mutant lines, in addition to one control line, were promoted to either M7 or M8 generations. High oleate properties in M7 or M8 seeds, sourced from M6 or M7 plants, were definitively confirmed through further testing. 3-deazaneplanocin A manufacturer More than 75% of the oleic acid content was observed in the mutant line, M7 915-2. While the coding region of FAD2 was sequenced in these six mutants, no mutation was identified. The high level of oleic acid could be a result of contributing factors from additional genetic locations. Utilizing the mutants identified in this study, sesame improvement and forward genetic studies can proceed.
Plant adaptations in Brassica sp. regarding low soil phosphorus (P) availability have been diligently investigated to reveal the intricacies of P uptake and utilization. An investigation using a pot experiment was conducted to determine the relationships between plant shoot and root growth, P uptake and efficiency measures, P fractions and enzyme activity in two species grown in three soil types. 3-deazaneplanocin A manufacturer This research endeavored to discover if adaptation mechanisms are influenced by the nature of the soil environment. Two types of kale were grown in Croatian coastal soils, characterized by low phosphorus availability, specifically terra rossa, rendzina, and fluvisol. While fluvisol plants boasted maximum shoot biomass and phosphorus uptake, terra rossa plants demonstrated the most extensive root development. There were distinct differences in the phosphatase activity of different soils. The efficiency with which phosphorus was used varied significantly among different types of soil and species. The superior adaptation of Genotype IJK 17 to low phosphorus availability was attributable to its more effective nutrient uptake. The inorganic and organic phosphorus composition of rhizosphere soils varied depending on the soil type, although no difference in the phosphorus content was identified between the different genotypes. A negative correlation between alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase activities and most organic P fractions suggested that these enzymes contribute to the decomposition of soil organic phosphorus.
The plant industry relies heavily on LED technology, a key element for bolstering plant growth and unique metabolite production. Our study examined the development, primary, and secondary metabolites of 10-day-old kohlrabi plants (Brassica oleracea var.). Gongylodes sprouts were exposed to a range of LED light types for comparative analysis. Whilst red LED light led to the highest fresh weight, the longest shoot and root lengths were observed under blue LED light. Subsequent HPLC analysis showed the presence of 13 phenylpropanoid compounds, 8 glucosinolates (GSLs), and 5 different carotenoids. Blue LED light presented the superior environment for the highest phenylpropanoid and GSL concentrations. While other light sources yielded lower carotenoid levels, white LED light produced the maximum carotenoid content. Using PCA and PLS-DA, the 71 identified metabolites, analyzed by HPLC and GC-TOF-MS, displayed a distinct separation, suggesting differing LED light sources influenced the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites. Hierarchical clustering of heat map data revealed that blue LED light collected the most significant amount of primary and secondary metabolites. Our study demonstrates that blue LED light is the most suitable treatment for enhancing kohlrabi sprout growth and the levels of phenylpropanoids and glycosphingolipids. In contrast, white light might offer a more effective approach to increasing the amount of carotenoids.
The storage and shelf life of figs, fruits with a sensitive structure, are inherently limited, consequently leading to substantial economic losses. To contribute to the solution of this problem, a study was performed to determine the effect of various doses of postharvest putrescine (0, 0.05, 10, 20, and 40 mM) on the quality and biochemical composition of figs kept in cold storage. Following cold storage, fruit decay rates exhibited values between 10% and 16%, whereas corresponding weight losses spanned a range between 10% and 50%. Application of putrescine to fruit stored under cold conditions led to a decrease in the rate of decay and weight loss. Fruit flesh firmness measurements showed a favorable response to putrescine treatment. Depending on the period of storage and the amount of putrescine used, the fruit's SSC rate exhibited a range from 14% to 20% showing considerable disparity. Employing putrescine during cold storage of fig fruit resulted in a slower decrease in the rate of acidity. The cold storage period concluded with an acidity rate fluctuating between 15% and 25%, as well as a wider fluctuation between 10% and 50%. Putrescine applications influenced the overall antioxidant activity, showcasing variations in total antioxidant activity contingent upon the applied dose. The storage of fig fruit, according to the study, resulted in a decrease in phenolic acid content, an outcome that was counteracted by the administration of putrescine. Treatment with putrescine impacted the quantity of organic acids present during cold storage, the magnitude of this effect varying with the type of organic acid and the duration of cold storage. It was ultimately determined that putrescine treatments offer an efficient method of maintaining the quality of fig fruits following harvest.
This study examined the chemical profile and cytotoxicity of Myrtus communis subsp. leaf essential oil in the context of two castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell lines. Within the confines of the Ghirardi Botanical Garden, nestled in Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Italy, the Tarentina (L.) Nyman (EO MT) variety thrived. Air-dried leaves, extracted using a Clevenger-type apparatus by hydrodistillation, had their essential oil (EO) profile analyzed by GC/MS. In examining cytotoxic activity, we employed the MTT assay to measure cell viability, alongside the Annexin V/propidium iodide assay for apoptosis induction, and Western blot analysis of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP proteins. To investigate cellular migration, the Boyden chamber assay was used, in conjunction with immunofluorescence for studying the distribution patterns of actin cytoskeleton filaments. We discovered 29 different compounds, the chief classes of which were oxygenated monoterpenes, monoterpene hydrocarbons, and sesquiterpenes.